Firearm.



J. G. WHITE. FIREARM.

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954,904. Patented Apr. 12, 1910.-

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FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, 1907. 954,904. Patented Apr.,12, 1910. shuns-SHEET z.

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J. "GE-"WHITE.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.7, 1907- Patented A r. 12,1910.

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J. 0. WHITE.

FIREARM.

' APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, 1907.

Patented Apr. 12,1910.

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JfG. WHITE.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, 1907.

Patented Apr. 12, 1910.

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FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED MAE. 7, 1907.

Patented Apr. 12, 1910.

I 6 SHEETS-SHEET 6 UNITED sTAT s PATENT oEEIoE. JOSEPEH G. WHITE, OF CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO WHITE-MERRILL COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, .A

CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

F REARM.

Specification of hetters Patent. .Patented Apr. 12, 1910.

Application filed March 7, 1907. Serial No. 361,195.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH O. WHITE, of Chelsea, in the county of Sufiolk and State of Massachusetts, have'invented a new and useful Improvement in Firearms, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to firearms automatically operating under the action of therecoil to open thebreech, eject the spent car tridges and cock the hammer, and unde-rtheaction of the recoil spring to insert the new cartridge and close the breech.

One object of my invention is to provide a firearm in which both sights are fixed to the barrel.

Another object is to place the hammer in a position readily accessible to the thumb of the user.

A further object is to provide means for transferring a cartridge from the magazine to the barrel or expel a faulty cartridge,

which means are cont-rolled by.the same hand which holds the firearm.

Another object is to construct the firearm so that the number ofjcartridges remaining in the piece may be readily ascertained from the exterior.

- Other objects will be hereinafter pointedout.

pendently of the recoil.

The prominent feature of the barrel is that its only movement is a' limited rectilinear longitudinal or endwise one on the frame under impulse of the recoil when a shot is fired, which movement serves to un lock the breech block so that the latter may be actuated by the remaining force of the recoil to eject the shell of the fired cartridge, to cook the hammer and to reload. The most important features of the breech block or receiver are that it carries the hammer and sear, that it acts efliciently to withdraw the shell of the fired cartridge from the barrel,

' and that it acts to control the two rows of cartridges for reloading. These features permit of 'few parts being used and allow the hammer to be placed in position to be conveniently operated by thethumb of the user as in a revolver. The prominent feature of the magazine is the means for indicating the number of cart-ridges present. The main feature of the means for'operating the breech block manually or independently of the recoil is that said means is adapted to open the breech and be operated by the same hand that holds the firearm, so that at will a cartridge can be fed from the magazine to the barrel.

Preferably all of the above featurescontribute to the best form of my invention but it will be clear from what follows that certain of them may be used to the exclusion tion of several features of improvement in 'a single structure.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved firearm; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the firearm shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional View showing the breech block near its extreme open position; Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the frame; Fig. 5' is a sectional view like Fig. 3 with the magazine removed; Fig. 6 is a section on line 6-6 of Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a side View of the magazine; Fig. 8 is a de tail hereinafter described; Fig. 9 is a view like Fig. 5 but showing the breech= bl'ock in Fig. 13 is a lengthwisesectional view of the breech block showing the inner face of that side of the breech block shown in Fig. 12; Fig. 14 is a sectionalview of thelbreech block showing the inner face of the side opposite to that shown in Fig. 12, and showing also the manner in which the loading clip hereinafter described is connected with the .the breech block broken away saidbreech block; Fig. 15 is a side view partly in section of the barrel; Fig. 16 is a scribed; Fig. 22 is an elevation of the trigger lever hereinafter described; Figs.,23 and '24 are respectively a side view and a plan view of the main section of the trigger rocker hereinafter described; Figs. 25 and.

26 are respectively a sideview and a plan view of a sup lemental rocker section hereinafter descrl ed; Fig. 27 is a side view of to show the hammer actuating spring; Figs. 28 and29 are details of the sear.

3 Having reference to the drawings A is the barrel; -B is the breech block; O is the frame; D is the ma azine, and e, 6', etc. the manually controlle means for operating the1 breech block independently of the reco1 Near its inner end and upon the exterior thereof barrel A (Figs. 15 to 19) is made with longitudinal grooves a on both sides to engage respectively with tongues c on frame C and thereby prevent lateral movement of barrel A with relation to frame C. Upon thetunder side of barrel A is a lug (1. the

front of ,which serves as a fulcrum for a spring-pressed buffer latch a mounted on barrel A, and in the back of which lug is formed a socket to receive the end of a comparatively stifispring a. The opposite end of spring a rests against an abutmentc on frame C while the latch a engages an abut- 'ment 0" on frame C. In this way barrel A is yieldingly held against forward movement and can yield to a limited extent rearwardly under the pressure of the recoiL; .On top of barrel A are provided a number of grooves an adapted to interlock with a number of tongues 6 inside breech blockvB, when the forward end of the latter is'depressed as hereinafter described. At the rear end of barrel A is the rear sight a extending up through an opening 12 in the top of breech block B. Projecting from the rear 'end of barrel A, one on each side of the mouth of the bore, is a pair of lugs 05' which assist in guiding the forward end-of a cartridge into the barrel during the feeding operation hereinafter described. The rear end of barrel A is also made with two radiall projecting lugs a one at each side thereo which by engagement with shoulders b on the inside of breech block B, serve as stops to limit the rearward or opening movement. of said breech block. Thus the shock of arresting the rearward or opening frame G acts to 'hol movement of'the-breech block is transmitted through barrel A to the comparatively .stifi' p spring a which bears a 'ainst the frame and WhlCh returns the. barre 'a'to .its for'wardQpQ? sition while the breechbloek is continu ng its rearward .movementand thus spiting';a""'

to act asfa buffer when the stain- 'ders o the breech engage the barrel" is read fiounted loosely' inuthe frame, C immediately below the end of the'latch a? is 'a plunger H which .lused to force the said latch upwardly iout'of engagement with the I shoulder 0 when it"is'ldeslred to take the firearm apart. When the latch a isthus disengaged from th'e shoulder? the barrel is free tobe nov edf forward axially off of frame C, drawin'g' breech block B through the engagement of the sight a with the forward end ofjthe opening 6' of said breech block.- During this 0 eration it is necessary to cock'thehanuner. in order that the ham- I mer tail 1)? may be elevated above the lug a offrameC. The breech block B (Fig. 19) i's' made at its sides with depending cheek pieces or side walls which receive'between them the rear end of barrel A and also the top of frame C and these side walls are made with len thwise grooves b and I) of uniform width throughout their length'which en age each with a tongue 0 on frame C exten ing from front to rear of the latter; The ton ues c" taper in width as shown from then rear ends toward their'front ends sufficiently to allow the front end of breech block B to be raised and lowered but only far enough to carry the tongues 1) into and out of engagement with the grooves a of barrel A Without raising or lowering the rear end of breech block B. That is to say, in shifting the tongues Z) into and out of engagement with grooves a the breechblock is not moved bodily up and down but swings on its rear end as a pivot. 'Thusit will be seen that the breech block has two movements on frame G, }first, a swinging movement to interlock, it with and disconnect it from the barrel, and second, {a bodily movement back and forth to open andclose the breech- Normally the front end of breech block'B is held'elevatedwith; tongues I) out of engagement with grooves a 'by the trigger mechanl sni to be described later while a recoil spring 6 bearing at one end against breech block B and at its o posite end against d said breech block closed and to return it to its closed position after it has been opened by the recoil, the rear end of sa'id spring being supported on a pin 6 on frame G and its front end on pin 6 on breech block B.

On the underside of each side wall of breech block B and near the front end of the latter is a cam b adapted to engage with a cam track c 'on frame C. These cams, b

are'prod-uced by milling oil the bottom edge of each side wall of the breech block, the out being deepest adjacent cam 12 and'sloping 5 (to nothing at the rear end of the breech block. The reason for thus sloping the bottom edge of each. side wall of the breech "block isto permit the latter to be swung down at its front end as described without having the lower edges of the side walls 1nterfere with the track 0 Normall the cams b are forward of and above the rent ends oft-racks 0 but when the breech block is swung down by operating the trigger to fire the piece the cams b are lowere below the tops of tracks 0 so'that when the breech block and barrel under the influence of the recoil are-forced rearwardly together a short distance the cams ride up onto tracks 0 and the breech block is thus automatically swung upwardly out of engagement with barrel A and continues its travel rearward without the barrel, the latter being in the meantime returned to its normal forward position again by spring a. The rearward opening movement of breech block B is opposed by the recoil spring I) and finally stop ed by-the engagement of the shoulders b wlth lugs 01 after which said breech block is returned to its normal position again by spring 11*. During the rearward movement of breech block B the extractor hook I) carried by the latter pulls the shell of the fired cartridge back with the breech block and against a finger like abutment c on frame C as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 5 which results in the shell being thrown out through the opening Z). During the forward movement of breech block B a fresh cartridge is fed from the magazine by the direct actionof thebreech block and into the breech of barrel A, the piece then being in condition to be fired again. The withdrawal of the shell from the barrel is accomplished by the hook extractor b, the rim of the shell being held under the extractor hook by lugs b which also materially aid in feeding the cartridges into the barrel.

Pivotally mounted on a pin b extending through breechblock B is the hammer b to the hub of which is rigidly but removably breech block B the tail piece 6 by riding up.

on this cam 0 cooks the hammer and at the same time the tail piece is caught and held by the sear b as shown in Fig. 6.

The sear 6 is a leaf spring (Figs. 12,

ward the trigger mechanism as stated above, the

13,128 .and 29) mounted in a pocket b formed in the exterior of the breech block and within this pocket the wall of the breech block is perforated at b and 6 On the inner side of sear- 6 are three lugs 71, b and 6 th'ezihigs b and 6 extending through tlre'qierforation 6 to cooperate with the hammer tail b, and the lug 6 extending through perforation b to coop-- crate with a firing cam .lug a on frame C. The lug b engages the hammer tail piece I) at b" to hold the hammer at half cock while the lug 6 engages the hammer tail piece-b at b to hold the hammer at full cock.- The lug 0 is situated on frame 0 so that when the breech block while in its 'forposition is swung down by means of lug b is carried against lug thereby forcing the sear sidewise away from and out of engagement with the hammer tail piece. It will be clear that by this means the hammer cannot be released until the breech is fully locked to the barrel. The-hammer b being then free is thrown by the hammer spring 6 located within and at one side of the breech block and engaging the hammer tail piece 72 against the usual firing pin. 6 to explode the cartridge. The engagement of lugs Z2 and c is timed of. course to occur just after the tongues b have entered the grooves'w so that the breech is locked to the barrel just before the cartridge is exploded,

and when the cartridge is exploded the barrel and breech block move rearwardly together until disconnected by cams b engaging track 0 as already described.

The manually controlled means for operating the breech block'independently of the recoil comprises a spur or lever e pivoted at eto frame C and connected by a link 6 with a lever 6 The lever e at its lower end carries a stud e engaging a slot 07 in the frameC and is pressed upwardly and forwardly by two springs e and e which engage the end and slderespectively of lever e"*. which lies immediately below the lower edge of one of the -side walls of breech block B and this side wall is cut away as shown in Fig. 14' so-as to provide a'shoulder 0 to cooperate-with the offsetupper end of lever 6 Immediately above the upper end of lever e is a bar 0 which is part of frame 0 and a ainst the under side of this bar the top 0 lever e is held by the spring 6 At each end the bar 0 curves downwardly so that if the upper end of lever e is moved along bar a from the position shown in Fig. 9 to the opposite end of the bar, then the upper end of said lever will first'rise toward the breech block and then travel straight toward the rear and then descend away from the breech block. The shoulder e normally lies just above the up- The top oflever e has an ofiset e per end of lever e and thereforerit obvious that whenlever e is o rated-t0 shift lever 2 along bar e as descr1bed,.said lever 0 will rise so that its ofi'setre" engages shoulder e and then immoving-toward the rear the breech block will be carriednrearwardly by the lever 6 -until the latter is depressed by the downwardly curved. rear end of the underside of bar 0 The breech block being then free is returned (to normal position by spring I). the breechblock partway back then lever e is not-movedvreanwardly far-enou h to be depressed by the "rear end of bar a ut'only as far as shown in Fig. 5.

The frame G is-extended-downwardly to form the handle a of the firearm and this handle, as shown, is hollow'to serve as 'a holder for. the ma azine, the lower'end of handle cibeing le t open to provide an entrance and exitfor' the magazine. The magazine, as shown in Figs. 3, V6 and-'7, is'a somewhat oblong box open at itsnpper end and within which-is arranged aflspring d that supportsafollower d. The cartridges are crowded into the o e'n' end of magazine D onto follower d an are held within the magazine by .inwardly turned lugs d at the open end of the magazine, against which the column of cartridges is pressed by spring (1. A peculiar feature of the magazine is that it is greate'rjn width than. a single cartridge an less in" width than two cartridges placed side by side, the result of'which is that the cartridges are held in staggered relation as shown in Fig. 6 and are presented one at a time at the discharge end of the magazine, first one and then the other stop lug d serving to hold .the cartridges in place as the topmost ones are removed. It will thus be seen that the cartridges are held within themagazine in two rows or ranks with the cartridges of one row alternating wlth' those of the other row and that the topmost cartridge of first one row' and then the other is presented at the top of the magazine; This construction of magazine gives greater capacity than heretofore and at the same time does not require lengthening of handle 0 nor any material widening thereof.

In order to insure the proper positioning of the first cartridge placed in the magazine the follower d is made with a struck-up lip cl which'deflects the firstcartridge against one side of the magazine and the following cartridges will find their own proper positions as they are inserted.

Upon its under side and near the rear end thereof the breech block B is made with two feeding lugs 5 and Z1 and one 'ofthese lugs travels back and forth with the breech block over one of the'rows of cartridges in magazine D while the other lug travels back and forth over the other row. Every other time the breech block travels forward from If; however, itis desired todraw its open position the lug b strikes the rear end of the to most cartridge of that row imbreech block. It is during these feeding o eratio'ns that the In a assist in guiding t e cartridges into the arrel. I (51' v It is desirable that when the cartridges in ma azine D are exhausted the user may be Ii 0i}1fid of this fact and for thisreasonl'; provide the following: On one side and near the top of frame C'is formed a pocket c jin which is pivoted at 0 a latch 0 made with an upward and lateral extension 0 which passes overthe top of frame 0 and magazine D as shown 1n Fig. 8, and lies in the path of a lug al on follower d; As shown in Fig. 6, the latch 0 extends under the lower edge of one of the side walls of breech block B and this side wall is cut away so as to provide a recess having a shoulder b 'to cooperate with latchc (Fi 13).;When the last cartridge is'removed omthe magazine the spring d actsto lift follower d and lug al acts on extension 0 to press latch 0 against the under side of the s1de wall of;

breech block B so that when this \last cars tridge is fired and the breech block is thrown back by the recoil the'latch 0 engages the shoulder b and thereby holds the breech block open. After the magazine has been refilled the breech block is freed from latch 0 by depressing a thumb piece 0 project-.

the adjacent wall 0 of handle '0 is made .of transparent material such as'celluloidor the likethrough which and slot dflthe contents of-the ma azine may be seen. The number ofcartri ges remaining in magazine D may also be indicated by providing the follower d -with a depending lip d. having on its outer face one or more marks to cooperate with an index marked on the transparent wall 0 For holding the magazine D within the handle 0 I provide within the latter a stud c to engage a socket d on magazine D said stud and socket being held in engagement by a leaf spring 0 fixed within-handle c, In order to provide for the ready removal and insertion of the magazine the lower end of thechamber of handle 0 is made wide enough to permit magazine D to be forced against spring 0 away from stud v0121 far enough to permit its withdrawal or insertion.

The trigger mechanism is mounted on the top of frame C just below barrel A and as 904,004. Y I I already stated this-mechanism does, not act directly on the hammer tail or the sear but on .the breech block B to swin the latter as o above described and thereby ree the hama-slot a formed through the bottom of a V pocket or chamber 0 9 providedon top of 10 frame C to receive the trigger mechanism.

Integral with frame -C and surrounding trigger f is a triggpr guard c". The trig ger f is supported y a pin 0 that extends through a slot f in thetrigger f so that the latter cannot only swing on pin, 0 but also slide back and forth to a limited extent; a

spring f however, holds the trigger vforward with the rear end of slot f against pin c it also holds the finger piece f in 20 forward position, and an arm f on the inner end of the/trigger elevated. On the pin 0 and alongside the trigger is a rocker f which has only a rocking movement on pin a". Projecting laterally from rocker f through a notch in the top of frame C 1s a lug j which normally projects into groove 6 of breech block B. The

rocker includes also a supplemental section.

f secured to the top of the main section f by a screw f, the section 1 being made with a slot f through which screw f extends so that section f can swing on screw f as well as movebodily back and forth on the lower section F, but normally section f is pressed and held forward by a spring f.

At its forward end the rocker section f is made with a lip f normally resting on a shoulder or ledge 0 on frame C so that normally the engagement, of lip f with shoulder 0 and the engagement of lug f with groove Z) of breech block B, locks the forward end of the latter in an elevated position so that it cannot be accidentally pressed down and the piece thereby accidentally discharged.

Projecting from the side of the arm f of the trigger toward rocker section f is a lug f -which normally is in engagement with a socket f"v in the adjacent side of section f -so that when pressure is applied properlyto the finger piece of the trigger, the

trigger and rocker section f are first slid backward far enough to carry lip f" off of shoulder 0 and then the trigger and both rocker sections f and f swing on pin'c. This depresses lug f and the latter pressing on the bottom of groove 6 swings the forward end of breech block B down so as to lock it to barrel A and then free the hammer and fire the cartridge as above described. The breech block B then opens and closes as already described the hammer being automatically cocked as the breech block opens and a fresh cartridge being fed into the barrel as the breech block closes. In order that lug 0 cannot automatically operate the sear and fire the fresh cartridge, if pressure 'is maintained on the finger-piece of the trigger as the breech block returns, the rocker sections f, f.-, ,are automatically disconnected from the trigger immediately after the cartridge fired, as follows:

Normally a spring 7? holds the forward end of section ff" inengagement with the trigger arm f with a lug f on the rear end of section f projecting through a notch i in the top of frame G into groove 6 When the trigger is operated as above described to fire the piece the'lu f is raised above the'plane of groove 12 into the path of a cam surface 6 on the interior of breech block B and as soon as the recoil forces the breech block back the cam surface I) strikes lug f and swings section f on screw f far enough to free the rocker from the triggen; As soon thereafter as the earns 12 ride u p onto tracks 0 of course lug 1f is lifted and this throws lug 11 downward opposite orfinto the plane of groove 6 into which spring i tends to force it. As soon as the trigger is released its spring f raises arm so as to bring lug f opposite socket f" which allows spring f" to swing section f back to normal position carryinglug f into groove 6 It will thus be seen that immediately after the cartridge is fired the trigger lever f is disconnected from the rocker made up of sections f and f so that if pressure is maintained on the trigger until 0 the breech block returns to normal position again the rocker will be permitted toreturn to normal position with the lip fT-over the shoulder 0 but the trigger will remain disconnected from the rocker until the pressure of the finger is relieved, and the arm f is permitted to rise to its normal position so as to bring lug f to register with socket f. Therefore even if pressure be maintained on the trigger after the breechblock has been returned to normal position the engagement of lip f" with shoulder 0 prevents accidental movement of the; breech block: which would result in a second discharge of? the piece. That is, the trigger f must-be' permitted to return to normal position after 1, each firing operation in order to beable to. J fire the piece again.

Normally the inner end of the armwfti H immediately above a shoulder or ledger?" em-1 frame 0, and when the finger-piece,=f'. is pressed to fire the cartridge the arm f slides rearwardly on the ledge 0 until the lip f clears the shoulder 0 The reason for this is 7 that the lip f is a comparatively short-dis- 1'25 tance from the pin 0 and without the finger f the said lip f would be pressed so K strongly against shoulder 0 that the resulting friction would interfere with the rearward movement of the section f whereas by providin the finger f to prevent undue friction ietween f and the contacting end of the arm I" may be'arranged so far from the pin 0" that the friction between arm 7 and shoulder a will not be enough to interfere with the rearward movement of the sec.- tion f or the trigger. Thus, as amatter of fact, normally the finger f engaging shoulder 0 cooperates with the lip engaging shoulder 0 in preventing acci ental firing of the piece due for example to pressure upward on the forward end of the breech block. At the same time it is to be remembered that after thepiece has been fired and the breech block is opened and closed section f returns to its forward position with the lip f over the shoulder 0 so that then the engagement of f and 0 v is a means for preventing accidental dischar e of the piece should the user continue to hold the trigger in its-rearward position. A

In loadin the magazine three methods may be empoyed: First, themagazine may be withdrawn from the handlev a and reloaded by inserting the cartridges one" at a time in the 0 en end thereof. Second, opening the breec block by means of the spur or leverE and inserting the cartridges one at a time down through the opening-b in the breech block and into the open end of the magazine; and third, by the employment of a clip attachment. When a; loaded clip is connected with the breech the operator .by pressing upon the upper end of the row of cartridges held by the clip forces the cartridges down into the magazine D. Theclip is then removed and as soon as the breech block is allowed to close it picks off the top cartridge and carries it forward into barrel A in the manner already described, and the piece isin condition for firing.

The fore oing description will make plain the metho of operation of my improved firearm. The handle of the weapon is held in the right hand and the breechblock is drawn back, either by the left hand grasping the breech block and pulling it in a rearward direction, or by the righthand operating the loading lever. As the breech block moves backward the hammer is automatically cocked. If an empty'magazine is in its position in the handle the latch on the frame will now lock'the retreating breech block in its open position. A cli of cartridges is inserted in the opening in the top of the breechblock or receiver, the edges of theclip fitting in slots in the receiver near'the rear end of the opening. The cartridges are pressed cdownward from the clip into the magazine by the thumb of the left hand, andlodge aalternately from side to side against -.tlge walls of the magazine. The clip is withdrawn," the latch is pressed downward with the right thumb, and the breech block is moved forward under the impulse of the I recoil spring, pushing the topmost cartridge in the magazine forward-into the chamber .of the barrel. On pulling the trigger the breech block is now forced into locked en- ,lgagement with the barrel, which causes areease of the hammer, and a shot is fired. The pressure of the powder gases in the barrel imparts a forward impulse to the bullet, and at the same time a'rearw'ard movement to the breech block and barrel. After the bullet has had time to pass beyond the muzzle of the barrel, the forward end of the breech block is lifted by cam tracks on the frame out of engagement with the barrel, whereupon the barrel returns to its forward position while the breech block continues its rearward movement. In its retreat the breech block extracts the empty cartridge shell, ejects it, cocks the hammer, and passes in the rear of the head of the topmost cartridge in the magazine, compressing the recoil spring as it moves backward. After its retreat is finally arrested by the frame the are supplied, provided the trigger is released and pulled for each shot.

If preferred the magazine ma be removed and charged by inserting cartridges singly. The firearm is then loaded by inserting the magazine containing cartridges in the. bandle, and pulling back the breech block, either by the left hand, as above described, or by the loading lever operated by the right hand. In this case the cartridges in the magazine I depress the magazine follower and prevent the latch from locking the breechblock in its open position, with the result that the breech block is free to spring forward, leaving the firearm loaded and cocked ready for firing as before.

In using my improved firearm as asingleloader the breech is opened as already described, an empty magazine being in position in, the handle, and the breech block being held in its rearward position automatically by the latch. .A cartridge is then dropped upon the magazine follower through. the open top of the breech block or receiver. The latch is. now depressed by the thumb, and the breech block is driven forward by the recoil spring as before, carrying the .cartridge into the chamber of the barrel. When fired the action remains open, by reason of the magazine being empty. The user of the firearm may now drop in another cartridgeand again .releasethe latch, and discharge 125 successive shots in the same manner.

. From the above description it will be clear tlfat there;are. manifold advantages of my firearm,"but it "may be useful to point out more particularly some of the more impor-' tant ones, for examplefithe sights are fixed the motion of the breech block when the latter has reached its rearmost osition.

,The advantage of my loa ing lever is that a cartridge may be transferred from the magazine to the barrel or a faulty cartridge expelled bythe same hand which holds the firearm, that is to say, if the breech wereclosed, and it were desired to accomplish either of the above pur oses, this could be done with the right han for example, while the left hand might be otherwise employed, or if the left hand were disabled, which would be an important consideration if the weapon were used in military service.

The ease of dismounting the piece is especially noteworthy, and is due to a simple I but effective connection between the several elements of the firearm, and it is to'be noted also as a distinct advantage that the barrel and breech block must move forward to be removed from the frame, the importance of this being clear in case of an accident to the piece, as in this case the barrel and receiver would be thrown forward and not into the face of the user. Another advantage is'my arrangement-by.which the interior ofthe magazine may atany time be seen without .the removal of any part of the pistol and without any movement of any part of the mechanism, as also without the aid of the left hand. For aweapon designed to be used in warfare this improvement is of the highest importance. My arrangement for giving this indication is simple and very practical. breech block normally unlocked from the barrel in order that the breech block maybe retracted freely byt-he loading spur without coil spring, v I

I can not only use the magazine to supply cartridges but I may also use one cartridge at a time and load from thetop of the breech with greater-ease than in other pistols, and this is a distinct advantage in many cases, and furthermore, I can load the magazine withoutremoving it from the handle by using a clip filled with cartridges, and this clip will be inserted at the top of the breech so that the cartridges will take their pro-per positions in the magazine in accordancewith the present method highly approved in :mili tary service. 1

'It will be seen that my firearm, unlike most automatic firearms, retains the advantages common to most revolvers, viz: ease of raising or lowering the hammer with the hand encountering the pressure of the barrel re- Another'advantage is to have the used in firing; convenience of ascertaining how many cartridges remain in the arm unexpended; means for removing a defective cartridge without the aid of the .hand not commonly used in firing: and a barrel to which both sights are rigidly fixed.

hat I claim is:

- 1. In a firearm the combination of a fixed member; a movable member carrying a scar; and'means to move the movable member to bringv the sear into engagement with the .fixed member and, thereby operate the sear.

2. In a firearm the combination of a frame; a member fixed to the frame; a movable breech block carrying a sear; and means tomove the breech block to bring the sear into engagement with the fixed'member and thereby operate the sear.

3. In a firearm the. combination of a frame; a movable member mounted on the frame and carrying a hammer; and a fixed member on the frame acting directly on the hammer to'cock it. i

4. In a firearm the combination of a frame; a breech block movably mounted on the frame and carrying a'hammer and a sear; a fixed member on the frame acting directly on the hammer to cock it; and a second fixed member on the frame to disengage the sear from the hammer.

5. In an automatic firearm the combination of a frame; a barrel mounted on the frame; an automatically operated I breechclcsing member'movably mounted on the frame; trigger mechanism; and means con-\ trolled by the trigger mechanism for holding the breech-closing member in proper relation with the barrel during the firing and automatic means for releasing said holding means from the control of the trigger mechanism when the bullet lea'ves the barrel.

6; In an automatic firearm the combination of a frame; a barrel mounted on the frame and having means to engage locking means on the breech-block; a breech block movably mounted on the frame andhaving locking means to engage said means on the barrel and thereby prevent relative longitudinal movement between the barrel and breech block during that engagement; firing mechanism including a trigger; and means controlled-by the trigger for bringing the locking means of the breech block into engagement with the means on the barrel;

and means to automatically unlock the having means'to engage locking means on the breechblock; a breech blockmovably I mounted on the frame and havin locking means to engage said means on t e barreland thereby prevent relative longitudinal movement between the barrel and breech block during that engagement; firing mech influence of the recoil.

8. In a firearm the. combination of a frame; a barrel on the frame; a breech breech block.

block mounted to swing on the frame and to move lengthwise to eject and reload; trigger mechanism; means controlled by the trigger mechanism but independent of the hammer to swing ,the breech block on the frame to lock it to the barrel in its closed position; and means to unlock the breech block from the barrel. a

9. In a firearm the combination of a frame; a barrel movably mounted on the frame; a breech block mounted to swing on the frame and to move lengthwise independently of the barrel to eject and reload; trigger mechanism; means controlled by the trigger mechanism but independent of the hammer. to swing the breech block on the frame to lock it to the barrel in its closed osition; and means to unlock the breech look from the barrel.

10. In a firearm the combination of a frame; a barrel on the frame; a breech block mounted on the frame to have a forward and backward longitudinal movement; and means on the barrel foryieldingly limiting the forward movement of the breech block..

11. In a firearm' the combination of a. frame; a barrel on the frame; a breech block movably mounted on the frame -to have forward and backward longitudinal movement; and means on the barrel for yieldingly limiting both longitudinal movements of the 12. In a firearm the combination of a frame; abreech block movably mounted on the'frame; automatic means for operating the breech block; and means operated by {)he firing hand for retracting the breech lock.

-13. Ina firearm the combination of a frame; a breech block movably mounted on block independently of the recoil.

14. In a firearm the combination of a frame; a breech block movably mounted on the frame; automatic means for operating the breech block; and means controlled by the firing hand for retracting the breech block for the purpose of reloading and'for then releasing the breech block. from that control.

15. In a firearm the combination of a frame; a breech block movably mounted on the frame; automatic means for operating the breech block; a spur; and means connected with the spur through which the latter operates -the-breech block.

16. A firearm having a handle constructed 17. Ina firearm the combination of a han-f dle with an opening and a magazine with -an opening registering with the opening in the handle so that the interior of the magazine can be seen through those 0 enings; and a transparent celluloid closure for the opening in the handle. 1

18. In a firearm. the combination of a removable magazine within the firearm; and means within the firearm but visible from the .exterior for indicating the number of cartridges in the magazine.

19. In a firearm the combination of a removable magazine within the firearm and having a follower; and a fixed scale within the firearm'and cooperating with the follower to indicate the number of cartridges in the magazine. I

20. In a firearm the combination of a removable magazine within the firearm and having a follower; a fixed scale within the firearm and cooperating with the follower to indicate the number of cartridges in the magazine; and a transparent closure for the cooperating follower and scale.

21. In a firearm of the character described the, combination of a removable magazine having a follower; a handle to receive the magazine and having an opening through which the follower can be seen; a transparent closure for the opening in the handle which has'a scale to cooperate with the follower to indicate the number of cartridges in the firearm.

22. In a firearm the combination of a frame; a barrel having a front and a rear sight; a breech block movably mounted on the frame and inclosing the rear end of the barrel and being formed at its top with an ejecting opening through which the rear sight projects.

23. In a firearm frame; a. breech block; a barrel; the breech block and barrel being joined to the frame by tongue and groove connections, with the breech block held in place by the barrel; a I

latch for holding the arrel in place; means accessible from the exterior of the piece for operating the latch to free the barrel and breech b ock so that they can be-removed from the frame.

24. In a firearm the combination of a frame; a breech block; a. barrel;'the breech block and barrel being joined to the frame by tongue and groove connections, with the breech block he d in place by the barrelya buffer latch for holding the barrel in place; 130' the combination of a the barrel and breech block so that they can be removed from the frame.

25. In a firearm the combination of a breech block movable in one direction under the influence of the recoil and in another direction to-close the breech; a trigger .normally connected with the breech block; means operated by the trigger but independentof the hammer for moving the breech block to operate the sear; and' means to antomatically disconnect-the trigger and breech block when the cartridge is fired so that the breech block can return to normal posit-ion independently of the trigger.

26. In a firearm the combination of a breech block movable in one direction under the influence of therecoil, and in another direction to fire the cartridge; a trigger normally connected with the breech block; means operated by the trigger but independent of the hammer for moving the breech block to operate the sear; and means to antomatically disengage the trigger and breech block when a cartridge is fired so that the breech block can return to normal position independently of the trigger; and means for holding the breech block in that positlon against accidental discharge when the trigger is out of engagement with the locking mechamsm.

27. In a firearm the combination of a breech block movable in one direction to close the breech; a trigger normally connected with the breech block; means operated by the trigger but independent of the hammer for moving the breech block to operate the sear; and means to automatically disconnect the tri ger and breech block when the cartridge is fired so that the breech block can return to normal position independently of the trigger and to automatically connect said parts when the trigger returns to normal position.

28. In a firearm the combination of the barrel A, the breech block B, the frame C, trigger lever f, and a rocker controlled by the trigger lever f to operate the breech block .to fire the piece, and controlled by the breech block B so as to be disconnected from the trigger lever f when the piece is fired, and to remain so disconnected until the trigger lever f is returned to normal position, said rocker cooperating with the abutment 0 substantially as described.

JOSEPH G.- WHITE.

Witnesses:

, G. A. ROCKWELL, M. Gr. HENNESSY. 

